آیزنشتاین، کوله‌شف و اشکلوفسکی

ارسال شده در توسط

سال 1925 کوله‌شف، مدرس بزرگ مکتب مونتاژ شوروی از ویکتور اشکلوفسکی (فرمالیست معروف) ‌می‌خواهد تا فیلم‌نامه‌ای بر اساس رمانِ «غیرمترقبه»‌ی جک لندن بنویسد. فیلم که قصه جویندگان طلا در یک ناکجاآباد است، سال بعد با عنوان «مطابق قانون» (By the Law) به نمایش عمومی در می‌آید. فیلم هیچ شباهتی به فیلم‌های مکتب مونتاژ ندارد هرچند دقیقا در اوج سال‌های این جنبش ساخته شده، یک‌ سال پس از اعتصاب و پوتمکینِ آیزنشتاین و همان سال نمایش مادرِ پودوفکین. «مطابق قانون» از نظر کیفی البته فیلم مهمی نیست، از ایده «اثر کوله‌شف» هم در آن خبری نیست و از نظر الگوی تدوین و شیوه قصه‌پردازی کاملن به شیوه‌ی صامت‌هایِ آمریکایی آن دوران ساخته شده و البته بی‌ارتباط با اشکلوفسکیِ نظریه‌پرداز.

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اما نکته اصلی موقع تماشای فیلم، شعفِ کشفِ ارتباطِ شبکه‌ای از آدم‌های مورد علاقه‌‌ام بود. نمی‌دانستم اشکلوفسکیِ بزرگ غیر از رمان، فیلمنامه «نُرم» هم نوشته، آن هم برای کوله‌شف و برای فیلمی که آن زمان مطرح بوده. این‌که منتقد و نظریه‌پرداز محبوبت در کنار یک نابغه سینمایی در آن‌سال‌هایِ خوش دهه بیست جایی بهم وصل می‌شوند. از طرفی ژیگا ورتف و پودوفکین شاگردان مدرسه فیلم کوله‌شف بوده‌اند. اشکلوفسکی در یک دستش «تریسترام شاندی» بود و با دست دیگر درباره شیوه بازیگری در آثار ورتف و آیزنشتاین مقاله می‌نوشت. و همه آن‌ها دوست مشترکشان، آیزنشتاینِ کم‌سن و سال را از سر نبوغش -به شوخی- «پیرمرد» لقب داده بودند. آیزنشتاین مدت‌ها شاگرد مه‌یر هولد بود … و این زنجیره نبوغِ خوش خط و خال انگار از هرجایش که بگیری سفری است از امروز به ریشه‌ها.

 

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